Russia Turns to Kazakhstan for Oil Refining After Drone Strikes Hit Domestic Plants

Russia signed a deal with Kazakhstan's Kondensat refinery in August 2026 to process Russian crude abroad, sending 70% of refined fuel back home. Ukrainian drone strikes have cut Russian refining capacity by 28%, forcing gasoline rationing. The crude travels by rail — the Kazakh facility has no Russian pipeline link, adding cost and logistical strain.