X's Algorithm Weights Replies Heavily, Amplifying Outlier Content, PNAS Study Finds

A PNAS study tracking 715 U.S. X users found the platform's For You feed systematically promotes content contradicting users' self-reported values. Stanford's Ziv Epstein notes replies — under 7% of interactions — are weighted far above likes. A minority behavior tied to conflict thus shapes what the algorithm surfaces to everyone.