India's IN-SPACe Model Opens Commercial Space Without Ceding State Control

Skyroot Aerospace launched Vikram-S on November 18, 2022, under authorization from IN-SPACe, India's regulator for private space activities. The mission marks the first privately developed rocket launch from Indian soil, operating within a framework that grants companies access to government facilities while maintaining state oversight. This balanced approach—enabling private innovation without abandoning strategic control—parallels regulatory models across established space nations and may serve as a template for other countries liberalizing their aerospace sectors.