Russian Intelligence-Linked Rybar Originated Ceuta Disinformation, Amplified by Kremlin Pravda Network in Seven Languages

Counter-disinformation group 411 found that Rybar, a Telegram channel linked to Russian intelligence and sanctioned in Europe, originated far-right propaganda during the Ceuta migration crisis. The Kremlin-backed Pravda network then amplified it across platforms in seven languages, reaching 720,000 views in six hours on 1 August — a layered model that pivots to new flashpoints within hours.