EU Court Upholds Apple as Single Gatekeeper Across Five App Stores

The General Court of the EU rejected Apple's legal challenge to its gatekeeper designation under the Digital Markets Act, affirming the European Commission may treat iOS, macOS, watchOS, iPadOS, and tvOS as one core platform service rather than separate products. The ruling closes a structural loophole Apple sought—arguing smaller platforms like tvOS should face narrower obligations. Apple must now allow rival services to interoperate across all five stores and cannot favor its own offerings. The company disagrees and has not signaled an appeal.